Introdução
Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) management involves household and urban cleaning waste, the generation of which puts pressure on municipal MSW management systems, requiring more robust arrangements(Kurniawan et al.,2024).In this context,reverse logistics(RL) is a key instrument for organizing the return of materials to the production cycle through selective collection,drop-off points, sorting,and revaluation,connecting stakeholders and contributing to the circular economy(CE)(Schilling & Seuring,2024). Digital technologies(DT) focused on process optimization have accelerated the transition to CE
Problema de Pesquisa e Objetivo
The literature has explored the application of DTs in MSW RL through various methodologies.Some approaches include:Structural Equation Modeling(Tao&Chao, 2024),MCDM(Narula et al.,2024),TOPSIS(Tanveer et al.,2023),DEMATEL(Quayson et al.,2023),and BWM(Mondal et al.,2023).Despite these applications,there is a lack of research that systematically and quantitatively validates the relevance of these technologies based on expert judgment.Therefore,the aim is to present a framework with DTs and their applications in the RL of MSW and validate them for the Brazilian context,using the Lawshe method(1975
Fundamentação Teórica
The transition to CE has been accelerated by DTs.The IoT,for example,establishes the basis for smarter waste management,using sensors to collect real-time data on the quantity and type of discarded material,which allows for the optimization of collection logistics (Ngoc et al.,2024).This information is processed using Big Data,the analysis of waste flows identifies trends and improves system efficiency(Carlos,de Souza&Mattos,2024).With this data,AI predicts waste generation patterns,dynamically adjusting processes to allocate resources(Onur et al.,2024).
Metodologia
The study employed two methods:a systematic literature review and a structured survey,combined with Lawshe analysis.The review followed the PRISMA method in four stages:identification,selection,eligibility,and inclusion.Searches were conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases,with a time frame of 2023–2024.A total of 148 articles were considered.The final analysis resulted in 25 DTs applicable to the RL of MSW.The questionnaire was structured in Google Forms.Respondents were selected based on seven predefined profiles and prospected through LinkedIn.Data were analyzed using Lawshe.
Análise e Discussão dos Resultados
20 DTs were not validated,meaning they are not considered essential in the Brazilian context.Furthermore,five technologies achieved a positive CVR and are considered essential,but not validated by the Lawshe method.Additive manufacturing,although intended to convert plastic waste into valuable products,faces barriers such as high acquisition and maintenance costs,a lack of technical training,and limited infrastructure (HOSSAIN;SAHAJWALLA,2024).These restrictions explain the low prioritization given to it by Brazilian experts.
Considerações Finais
The study offers three contributions:a theoretical framework with 25 DTs and functionalities;a methodological framework with the application of the Lawshe method as an alternative for quantitative validation by a specialized panel;and a practical framework with an indication of the possible incompatibility of national infrastructure as factors impeding immediate adoption.Limitations include the impossibility of generalizing the results.It is recommended to expand the sample of technology developers and further study the feasibility of implementation in developing country contexts.
Referências
Kurniawan, T. A., Meidiana, C., Goh, H. H., Zhang, D., Othman, M. H. D., Aziz, F., ... & Ali, I. (2024). Unlocking synergies between waste management and climate change mitigation to accelerate decarbonization through circular-economy digitalization in Indonesia; Narula, S., Tamvada, J. P., Kumar, A., Puppala, H., & Gupta, N. (2023). Putting digital technologies at the forefront of Industry 5.0 for the implementation of a circular economy in manufacturing industries; Onur, N., Alan, H., Demirel, H., & Köker, A. R. (2024). Digitalization and digital applications in waste recycling: an integrati