Reumo
This paper investigates the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on air quality and health outcomes in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Using a dynamic difference-in-differences approach, we analyze the impact of reduced economic activity on
pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. While PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 experienced temporary reductions, the effects dissipated within months. Furthermore, despite these pollution decreases, respiratory-related
hospital admissions increased, likely driven by COVID-19 infections. Our results suggest that the pandemic had a more significant impact on health outcomes than the temporary improvements in air quality.