Resumo

Photovoltaic solar energy is a principle that ensures the continuous supply of electricity in a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly manner, meeting current demands without compromising the capacity of future generations. This technology is intrinsically linked to responsible economic development, considering the interdependent dimensions—economic, social, and environmental. It is a clean, renewable source capable of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, diversifying the national energy matrix, and promoting autonomy in electricity consumption.

The residential photovoltaic systems by the population contribute to the country's clean energy production. Therefore, this research aims to gather data that will help understand the economic, environmental, and social factors driving people to adopt this technology more frequently. Thus, the objective was to identify the factors that influence the decision of producers/consumers in a city located in southern Pará regarding the adoption of photovoltaic systems in their homes, in addition to understanding their perceptions of sustainable energy.

Energy sustainability refers to the constant supply of energy in a safe and effective manner with minimal environmental impact. According to Alves and Silva (2020), is related to economic development that does not harm nature and future generations.It is important to highlight that clean energy—solar energy—is becoming increasingly important because of the need to use new renewable energy sources (Godinho, 2022). but, high initial costs, which are considered the most critical barrier in emerging economies (Payel et al., 2023), exacerbated by the lack of accessible credit lines.

This quantitative-qualitative study measured the elements that influence the decision of consumers in a city in southern Pará regarding the implementation of photovoltaic energy systems in their homes, as well as seeking to understand the perception of these producers/consumers about their contribution to sustainable energy practices. For data collection, a survey method was used, with convenience sampling, targeting producers and consumers who already use or show interest in photovoltaic solar energy.

The results indicated that, for 70% of the participants, the main motivating factor was economic -reduction in electricity bills—and 30% considered, financial aspect and environmental relevance. However, 60% pointed to the high initial installation cost as the main obstacle to the adoption of photovoltaic energy, of which 40% mentioned the lack of information on credit lines. Regarding public policies, regulations, incentive programs, or energy compensation systems aimed at promoting solar energy in the country, 80% reported that they had little or no specific knowledge.

The analysis of producers' and consumers' perceptions of photovoltaic systems shows that solar energy is widely valued, especially for its economic benefits, with an emphasis on the significant reduction in electricity costs. However, a significant portion of the population still has limited knowledge of the technical and environmental aspects related to this technology, highlighting the urgent need for actions aimed at raising awareness and disseminating accessible and informative information.

ALVES, M. F.; SILVA, M. E. Elements of sustainability in the supply chain: a study in the solar energy sector. Revista Ciências Administrativas, Fortaleza, v. 27, n. 2, 2021. GODINHO, E. Z. et al. Benefits of solar energy associated with carbon dioxide emissions in the Brazilian electricity matrix. Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade, Curitiba, v. 18, n. 51, p. 246-251, 2022. PAYEL, S. B. et al. Exploring the Barriers to Implementing Solar Energy in an Emerging Economy: Implications for Sustainability. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2023.